Helping to decarbonize society

In September 2024, Eni and joint venture partner Snam started up Phase 1 of the Ravenna carbon capture and storage project, the first of its kind in Italy with a capture capacity of 0.25 Mt per year.

Carbon captured at Eni’s Casalborsetti natural gas treatment plant is now being injected and permanently stored in the depleted Porto Corsini Mare Ovest gas field in the Adriatic Sea. The initiative is already cutting the Casalborsetti plant’s CO₂ emissions by up to 96% during peaks. The actual volumes correspond to those captured due to the system’s efficiency,
where the power supply is ensured by the recovery of self-produced thermal energy and electricity from renewable sources.

Phase 2 of the project, due to start by 2030, will allow annual storage of up to 4 Mt of CO₂. A significant portion of this is expected to be used by hard-to-abate industries such as cement, steel, fertilizer and chemicals in the Ravenna industrial zone as well as power plants.

Given high market demand and potential annual CO₂ injection capacity of up to 16 Mt per year after 2030, Ravenna is on track to become a strategic CCUS hub for the decarbonization of heavy industries across Southern Europe.

Aramco’s CCUS hub in Jubail, in the Kingdom’s eastern province will take CO₂ from natural gas processing and other industrial sources, with around 6 Mt of CO₂ per year coming from Aramco’s gas plants and 3 Mt of CO₂ per year from other non-Aramco industrial sources.

The captured CO₂ will be transported for storage below ground in a saline aquifer.

The hub supports Aramco’s ambition to achieve net zero Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions across its wholly owned operated assets by 2050.

The Jubail CCUS hub plays a key role in Aramco’s GHG reduction roadmap articulated around five key levers: improving energy efficiency across upstream and downstream facilities, reducing methane emissions and flaring, advancing carbon capture, expanding renewable energy production capacity, and implementing nature-based solutions as well as purchasing carbon offset credits.

STRATOS, Occidental’s first direct air capture (DAC) facility is planned to start commercial operations this year. The Texas facility is designed to remove up to 0.5 Mt tonnes of atmospheric CO₂ per year.

The facility represents the culmination of a multi-year journey to deploy innovation and leverage Occidental’s 50-year history managing CO₂ to provide a solution to address emissions and meet demand for low-carbon fuels.

STRATOS is expected to start capturing CO₂ by the end of 2025, with the full capacity planned to be online as soon as mid-2026.

This phased approach allows Occidental to implement advances to optimize the DAC process. These advances will help improve efficiency, reliability and reduce capital expenditures – critical factors in bringing first-of-a-kind technologies to market.

By developing DAC technology, Occidental is creating a pathway to produce low-carbon fuels through enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and provide carbon dioxide removal credits (CDRs) generated from sequestration.

Microsoft, Amazon, Airbus and other large companies have entered into agreements to purchase CDR credits from STRATOS where the captured CO₂ is stored in saline reservoirs as a durable solution to address their emissions.

Occidental’s ability to use CO₂ captured from DAC for EOR can create a carbon neutral barrel of oil, in which the volume of CO₂ injected to produce that barrel of oil is equal to the emissions it creates over its lifecycle from production to refining to use.

This provides an opportunity to power hard-todecarbonize sectors like aviation, maritime and heavy transportation with carbon neutral fuels.

Occidental is also working on the South Texas DAC Hub located on the US Gulf Coast. The hub has acreage with the potential to store up to 3 billion tonnes of CO₂.

The first DAC facility at the hub is designed to capture 0.5 Mt of CO₂ per year and is currently in front-end engineering and design. The hub can also accept point source CO₂ volumes due to its proximity to industrial facilities.

ExxonMobil’s estimated $400 million expansion of its carbon capture facility in LaBarge, Wyoming has the potential to come onstream this year [2025, pending regulatory approvals], increasing the plant’s capture capacity by 1.2 Mt of CO₂ per year.

The facility, which currently has capacity of 6-7 Mt per year, has captured more CO₂ than any other carbon capture operation globally.

The expansion at LaBarge is part of the company’s 2030 emissions reduction plans and supports ExxonMobil’s ambition to achieve net zero GHG emissions (Scopes 1 and 2) for its operated assets by 2050.

By capturing an additional 1.2 Mt of CO₂ each year, ExxonMobil can reduce GHG emissions from its upstream operated emissions by 3%.

To date, operations under ExxonMobil’s control have captured approximately 150 Mt of carbon¹ – more than a third of all anthropogenic carbon ever captured.²

ExxonMobil’s current capture capacity is 9 Mt per year.

With the integration of Denbury, ExxonMobil now owns and operates a 1,500-mile network of CO₂ pipelines: the most extensive in the US.

This, coupled with an array of locations across the Gulf Coast that allow for secure and permanent storage hundreds of metres underground, means it can help heavy industries such as chemicals, refining, cement and steel production reduce their emissions.

1 Global CCS Institute 2022 Cumulative CO₂ Capture Facilities Analysis conducted for ExxonMobil
2 GCCSI Historical Carbon Capture Volumes 2023

CNPC is developing a CCUS hub in the Junggar basin in northwest China, an area with a high concentration of large emitters.

Also at the Junggar hub, CNPC has started construction of a coal-fired power plant carbon capture project, and pipelines and systems for geological storage and enhanced recovery technology applications.

In the second phase, CNPC expects to capture 1 Mt of CO₂ per year from its own refineries and coal-fired power plants and 2 Mt of CO₂ per year until 2030 from nearby coal power stations, steel mills, cement plants, and hydrogen production facilities.

CNPC aims to expand the hub’s capacity to 10 Mt of CO₂ per year by 2040.

CNPC plans to further develop and expand its CCUS hubs in other parts of China by 2030. These include the Daqing and Dagang hubs in the northeast, the Changqing hub in northern China, and the Hainan hub in the south.

Northern Lights, the world’s first cross-border carbon transport and storage facility, is now receiving and injecting CO₂. The first volumes were transported through the 100-kilometre pipeline and injected into the Aurora reservoir below the seabed of the Norwegian North Sea earlier this summer.

Northern Lights is developing an open and flexible infrastructure to transport CO₂ by ship from capture sites across Europe to a receiving terminal in western Norway for intermediate storage, before being transported by pipeline for safe and permanent storage in a reservoir 2,600 metres under the seabed.

With a storage capacity of 1.5 Mt of CO₂ per year, this first phase of Northern Lights is establishing a commercial CCS market and supporting the decarbonization of European industry.

Joint venture partners Equinor, Shell and TotalEnergies completed the CO₂ receiving and storage facilities for Phase 1 of the Northern Lights Project in 2024. The first phase of the project is fully booked including by cement company Heidelberg Materials, fertilizer company Yara and waste-to-energy plant Hafslund Celsio.

In March 2025, the partners gave the green light to the second phase of the Northern Lights project. The Phase 2 expansion, due to become operational by the second half of 2028, will more than triple capacity to at least 5 Mt per year. Phase 2 of the project will include nine additional onshore storage tanks, larger pumps, a new jetty and new electrical substation and
two new injection wells.

The investment decision to expand capacity followed a commercial agreement with the Swedish energy provider, Stockholm Exergi, for cross-border transport and storage of up to 0.9 Mt of biogenic CO₂ per year.

Support from the Norwegian government has been an important contributing factor to successfully completing Phase 1. Phase 2 was made possible by investments from the Northern Lights joint venture owners as well as a grant from the Connecting Europe Facility for Energy funding scheme.

Petrobras is developing a pilot project designed to generate technical insights that will inform the potential implementation of Brazil’s first commercial CCUS. This initiative is part of the company’s broader strategy to support industrial decarbonization and advance carbon management solutions.

The demonstration pilot, with final investment decision already approved, will capture up to 100,000 tonnes of CO₂ per year from the Petrobras-owned Cabiúnas natural gas processing facility. The CO₂ will be injected into an onshore saline acquifer where it will be monitored long term.

The pilot is designed to test injection, pressure management, monitoring, and plume migration in an onshore hypersaline aquifer that has similar characteristics to the potential offshore storage site for the hub.

Petrobras plans to develop a commercial hub for a range of industrial emitters in Rio de Janeiro state, home to several large industrial clusters.

Petrobras is exploring options to re-use existing pipelines and build new ones out to an offshore saline aquifer with a potential storage resource capacity of 20 Mt of CO₂ per year.

Petrobras has years of experience in natural gas processing CCUS, re-injecting large amounts of carbon dioxide back into pre-salt fields as it develops oil and gas resources.

Alongside the pilot project, Petrobras is assessing the technical and economic viability of potential CCUS hubs in several Brazilian states, in alignment with its Strategic Plan 2025–2029. The company is advancing feasibility studies that may lead to the development of its first full-scale CCUS project.

Petrobras’s 2025–2029 strategic plan includes $5.7 billion in investments in low-carbon energy initiatives, including carbon capture activities. Part of these resources are earmarked for projects and research and development investments specifically related to the pilot plant.